identifying PICO elements

Table identifying PICO elements:
Question: In the elderly, how does music therapy, compared with no music therapy
affect quality of life?
The question above includes the PICO elements:
Search plan in CINAHL
a. Identify subject headings and keywords (Melnyk p.67-71, Table 3.3)
Plan a search strategy by identifying the major elements of your question; use natural language, or
keywords, combined with descriptors designated by CINAHL called CINAHL Subject Headings.
Be sure to watch the tutorials available on the Health Sciences Tutorials & Instructional Guide.
Before starting your database search, think about terms that can be used to describe the key concepts
in your research question. Start your search with terms that you think make sense.
Subject Headings: are terms assigned terms assigned by the database to stand in for all the
synonyms describing a concept. For example, in CINAHL, any paper that discusses acetylsalicylic
acid would be assigned the Subject Heading term Aspirin. A search for the Subject Heading term
Aspirin in CINAHL should find papers written about aspirin, even if the term aspirin doesn’t appear in
the title or abstract.
Access CINAHL by going to the UIC library website (library.uic.edu) and select the Database icon at
the top of the homepage. On the resulting page type CINAHL in the search field and select: CINAHL
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