Question 1: Using the assigned readings on the application of neo-classical theory, use the following questions as a guide to create an original post to this discussion forum addressing the issues raised in them. While you do not have to answer every question (use them to guide your discussion of issues you think are important or confusing), it is important to provide thorough but concise posts, in which you identify and fully discuss any issues you see as related to the topic and provide supportive arguments and evidence. 1-2 sentence answers are not sufficient. While you do not need to provide formal references (i.e., APA style not required), you must always state the basis for your positions, especially in the case of any factual claims. It is sufficient to simply name the source of your information (e.g., Fayol (1949) proposed that managers…; provide the URL for website). Then you must post a response to at least one other student’s original post – focus on pushing (constructively) other students to consider the issues more deeply, more critically and/or from a different perspective. Remember, this is designed to be an open class discussion of the ideas presented in the readings in which we help one another to clarify and refine our collective understanding of the theoretical ideas and their application to issues in CJ Management. (approx. 700 words)

1. Bloomberg and Wycoff & Skogan both present arguments about participatory management. Discuss how their ideas about “participatory management” relate to two of the theoretical readings from the neo-classical school that you completed at the end of Module 2. Discuss both consistencies and inconsistencies between the theoretical and applied work.
2. What are some potential benefits of participatory management in CJ organizations?
3. What are some challenges, barriers and detriments to implementing participatory management reforms in CJ organizations?

Question 2: Based on the course readings, answer the following questions (700-1,000 words):

• What two new principles emerged in the modern school?
• What are the fundamental differences between the classical, the neo-classical, and the modern schools?
• Can the general concepts and principles of each school be applied to CJ organizations together, or are they mutually exclusive?

Question 3: Summarize the information from DeCarlo and Dlugolenski (2021, p.189-227). (approx. 450 words)

Question 4: Summarize the information from DeCarlo and Dlugolenski (2021, p.229-247). (approx. 450 words)